In sickle cell anemia oxidative stress can trigger eryptosis and the release of red blood cell microparticles (RBC-MPs), which are small phospholipid-containing vesicles implicated in physiological processes such as hemostasis and potentially linked to macrovascular dysfunction
Electrical fields and electroporation can be used to precisely target increases in BBB permeability
Overall, this review integrates our knowledge of dopaminergic immunology at the cellular, tissue, and disease level and prompts the development of therapeutics and strategies targeted toward ameliorating disease through dopaminergic regulation of immunity
Accordingly, the reported associations should be interpreted with caution and considered hypothesis-generating, pending validation in future studies leveraging additional publicly available or consortium-based datasets
Nakagawa S, Kim JE, Lee R, Chen J, Fujioka T, Malberg J, et al